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Rectal Cancer - Stages I-III
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Extended Lymphadenectomy May Not Improve Outcomes of Patients with Rectal Cancer (9/29/2009)
Researchers from the UK have reported that extended lymphadenectomy for rectal cancer may not improve outcomes and may increase the risk of urinary and sexual dysfunction. The details of this study appeared in an early online publication in Lancet Oncology on September 20, 2009.
Adherence Important for Effectiveness of Diet in Preventing Colorectal Adenoma Recurrences (8/31/2009)
Researchers associated with the U.S. Polyp Prevention Trial have reported that high compliance with a low-fat, high-fiber diet is associated with a reduced risk of adenoma recurrence. The details of this study appeared in the September 1, 2009 issue of the American Journal of Epidemiology.
Regular Aspirin Use Decreases Mortality After the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer (8/14/2009)
Researchers from Harvard Medical School have reported that regular aspirin use after the diagnosis of colorectal cancer decreases the risk or dying of colorectal cancer that expresses COX-2. The details of this study were published in the August 12, 2009 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Neoadjuvant Xeloda®, Eloxatin®, and Radiotherapy Highly Effective for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (5/4/2009)
Researchers from Italy have reported that neoadjuvant Xeloda® (capecitabine), Eloxatin® (oxaliplatin), and radiotherapy results in a high rate of complete and near complete responses in patients with Stage II-III rectal cancer. The details of this study appeared in the May 1, 2009 issue of Annals of Oncology.
Neoadjuvant Radiation Therapy Prevents Local Recurrences of Operable Rectal Cancer (3/9/2009)
Researchers affiliated with a multicenter international randomized trial have reported that a short course of preoperative radiotherapy is effective treatment for patients with operable rectal cancer. The details of this randomized trial were published in the March 7, 2009 issue of the Lancet.
Patients with Rectal Cancer Responding to Neoadjuvant Radiation Therapy Have Improved Survival (3/6/2009)
Researchers from Vanderbilt University have reported that patients with rectal cancer who are downstaged by neoadjuvant radiation therapy have improved outcomes compared with non-responders. The details of this study appeared in the February, 2009 issue of the Archives of Surgery.
Test May Help Predict Recurrence Risk in Early Colorectal Cancer (2/27/2009)
Researchers from Thomas Jefferson University, McGill University, and the Fox Chase Cancer Center have reported that testing lymph nodes for the presence of a protein known as guanylyl cyclase 2C (GUCY2C) may help predict risk of recurrence among colorectal cancer patients with no apparent lymph node metastases (pN0). These results were published in the February 18, 2009 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
The Evolving Role of EGFR Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer—A Report from ASCO 2008 (1/23/2009)
Results from the 2008 annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), held May 30–June 2 in Chicago, Illinois, revealed significant steps towards the improvement of outcomes for patients with varying types of cancers. As seen during the past few years, attention has turned towards individualizing patient care through targeted therapies, optimizing patient selection for specific therapies, as well as a focus on quality of life and survivorship issues.
Avastin® Increases Risk of Venous Thromboembolism (11/20/2008)
Researchers from Stony Brook University have reported that the use of Avastin® (bevacizumab) increases the risk of thromboembolism. The details of this review were published in the November 19, 2008 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy Does Not Adversely Affect Quality of Life of Elderly Patients with Colorectal Cancer (8/11/2008)
Researchers from France have reported that patients 75 years of age or older with Stage III colon or rectal cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy did not have negative effects on quality-of-life parameters compared with patients not receiving adjuvant therapy. The details of this study appeared in the August 15, 2008 issue of Cancer.
Low Socioeconomic Status Increases Cancer Mortality (7/24/2008)
Researchers affiliated with the Findings from the National Program Registries Patterns of Care Study have reported that low socioeconomic status is associated with a high mortality due to later diagnoses and less aggressive treatments for cancer. The details of this study were reported in the August 1, 2008 issue of Cancer.
Higher Vitamin D Levels Result in Better Survival Among Colorectal Cancer Patients (7/17/2008)
Researchers from the Dana Farber Cancer Center have reported that patients with colorectal cancer who have higher levels of vitamin D in their blood prior to diagnosis have an improved survival compared with those with lower levels. These results were published in the June 20, 2008 issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
Studies Confirm Effectiveness of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (4/8/2008)
Two recent studies in the British journal of Cancer have reported improved outcomes of patients with advanced rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
Elderly with Stage II-III Rectal Cancer May Benefit from Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy (2/22/2008)
Researchers from several U.S. medical institutions have reported that elderly patients with Stage II–III rectal cancer who complete both adjuvant radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy have a lower rate of disease recurrence than patients not receiving such therapy or not receiving full courses. These results were published in the January 15, 2008, issue of Cancer.
Radiofrequency Ablation Effective in Small Renal Cell Carcinomas (8/9/2007)
Researchers from Wake Forest University have reported that radiofrequency ablation is an effective treatment option for small renal cell carcinomas (RCC). The details of this study were published in the August, 2007 issue of the Journal of Roentgenology.
FDA Approves Torisel™ for Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (6/6/2007)
On March 30, 2007 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Torisel (temsirolimus) for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCA).
Cetuximab (Erbitux®) Combinations Evaluated in Rectal and Esophageal Cancer (1/2/2007)
Two recent studies presented at the 2006 meeting of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) suggest that cetuximab can be added safely to combination chemotherapy regimens for rectal and esophageal cancer.
Anemia Influences Outcome of Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Cancer (11/2/2006)
Researchers from Italy have reported that anemia was the only predictor of disease-free survival among 317 patients treated with colorectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy.
Adjuvant and/or Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Decreases Local Recurrences but Does Not Improve Survival in Operable Rectal Cancer (9/27/2006)
Researchers affiliated with the EORTC Radiotherapy Group Trial 22921 have reported that the addition of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy to neoadjuvant radiotherapy improves local control of operable rectal cancer but does not improve survival.
Chemoradiotherapy Improves Local Control of T3-4 Rectal Cancer (11/1/2005)
A multicenter French trial has determined that neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is more effective than neoadjuvant radiotherapy alone for treating T3-4 rectal cancer.
Statins May Improve Response Rate to Neo-Adjuvant Chemoradiation for Rectal Cancer (7/28/2005)
Researchers from Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center have reported that patients receiving statins during neo-adjuvant chemoradiation therapy had a higher complete pathological response than patients not taking statins.
Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer Evaluated (5/20/2005)
Researchers from the UK have concluded that laparoscopic-assisted surgery for colon cancer is as effective as open surgery in the short term. However, they suggest that routine use in rectal cancer is not justifiable.
Local Control of Rectal Cancer Better with Pre than with Post-Operative Chemoradiotherapy (10/27/2004)
Researchers affiliated with the German Rectal Cancer Study Group have reported that preoperative chemoradiotherapy was associated with improved local control and reduced toxicity when compared with postoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, but did not appear to improve overall survival. The details of this report appeared in the October 21, 2004 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine. Preliminary results of this study were presented at the 45th annual meeting of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) in October of 2003.
Neoadjuvant Therapy Gives Better Surgical Results than Adjuvant Therapy for Advanced Rectal Cancer (10/29/2003)
Researchers affiliated with the German Rectal Study Group have reported that neoadjuvant therapy results in decreased local relapses and better sphincter preservation than adjuvant therapy for advanced rectal cancer. This was accomplished with less toxicity than that associated with adjuvant combined therapy. However, there was no improvement in distant failure or overall survival. The results of this randomized trial were presented on October 20 at the 45th annual meeting of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO).
Rectal Cancer Outcomes Improve when Institutions Treat More Patients (5/21/2003)
Researchers reported an inverse relationship between the number of patients treated for rectal cancer and outcome as measured by permanent colostomies, 30 day survival, and 2 year survival. These results are based on analysis of data from California hospitals and were published in the May 21, 2003 issue of the
Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (1)
Keratinocyte Growth Factor May Decrease Chemotherapy Induced Mucositis (4/17/2003)
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a normal cytokine which is present in many tissues and is produced in response to tissue injury. KGF stimulates growth of epithelial cells in tissues which have receptors for this cytokine. It is generally thought that KGF is an important component of the body’s repair mechanism. Keratinocyte growth factor has been synthesized and has undergone clinical testing in animals and normal human volunteers.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy Effective for Localized Rectal Cancer (4/14/2003)
English researchers reported In the April 7, 2003 issue of the
British Journal of Cancer that the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a promising approach for the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer.
Preoperative Radiation Therapy May Improve Survival of Some Patients with T3 Rectal Cancers Compared to Surgery Alone (8/22/2002)
Patients with T3 rectal cancer have cancer that invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa or into nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues. Patients with T3 rectal cancers can have or not have lymph node spread. This type of cancer is treated with a total mesorectal excision (TME) or TME preceded or followed by radiation therapy. Several non-randomized studies and a large meta-analysis have suggested that pre or post-operative radiation may decrease the local recurrence rate for patients with operable stage I-III rectal cancer. Some of these studies, however, have noted increased morbidity and mortality in patients receiving radiation therapy. However, there have been no randomized controlled trials of radiation versus no radiation therapy for such patients. In the August issue of the
Annals of Surgery, researchers from the Cleveland Clinic Foundation present data that suggests that patients with T3 rectal cancers benefit from preoperative radiation therapy.
Early Radiotherapy with Concurrent Chemotherapy after Resection of Stage II and III Rectal Cancer is Superior to Late Radiotherapy with Chemotherapy (4/24/2002)
According to results recently published in the
Journal of Clinical Oncology, Korean researchers evaluated different sequences of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy in patients with surgically resected stage II and III rectal cancer and they determined that early treatment was better than delayed treatment.
Mortality from Major Cancer Surgery and Morbidity From Prostate Surgery Lower in High Volume Hospitals Than in Low Volume Hospitals (4/16/2002)
There were two reports in the April 11 issue of the
New England Journal of Medicine which strongly support the concept that patients facing major cancer surgery should select a high volume hospital near where they live.
Follow Up After Curative Resection for Colorectal Cancer Improves Survival (4/9/2002)
Researchers in England have reported in the April issue of the
British Medical Journal that intensive follow-up after curative surgery for colorectal cancer improves survival. They reviewed evidence from clinical trials of follow up of patients after curative resection for colorectal cancer. They performed this study because of an apparent lack of direct evidence that intensive follow up after initial curative treatment for colorectal cancer leads to increased survival.
Four Weeks of Anticoagulation Better Than One Week Following Cancer Surgery (4/5/2002)
Researchers from Sweden, Italy, England and Israel have reported in the March 28 issue of the
New England Journal of Medicine that prolonged anticoagulation versus one week of anticoagulation is better for patients undergoing abdominal cancer surgery.
Plasma Free Metanephrines Best Test for Excluding or Confirming Pheochromocytoma (4/3/2002)
A multicenter international study has determined that plasma free metanephrines provide the best test for excluding or confirming the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. The data establishing this was published in the March 20 issue of the
Journal of the American Medical Association.
Women Experience Greater Toxicity With 5-FU-Based Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer (3/21/2002)
Researchers from the US and Canada have evaluated the toxicities in men and women associated with fluorouracil (5-FU)–based chemotherapy given on 5 consecutive days at doses of 370 to 450 mg/m2. They analyzed data from 1,093 women and 1,355 men treated with 5-FU. They found an increased incidence of stomatitis, leukopenia, alopecia and diarrhea but not of nausea, and vomiting in women. Half of the women experienced severe toxicity compared to only a third of the men (P < .0001). The differences were consistent across treatment cycles. Response rates and survival distributions were the same for both sexes. These researchers concluded that women experience toxicity more frequently and with more severity than men following 5-FU–based chemotherapy in a 5-day bolus schedule. They also suggest “these data raise the question of whether the recommended initial dose of 5-FU–based chemotherapy for women shouldbe lower than that for men”.
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