Researchers from Australia have reported that exercise, diet, and lifestyle choices are key factors in preventing colon cancer. The details of this study were published in the July 1, 2009 issue of the International Journal of Cancer.[1]

Most studies have shown that an increased intake of red and processed meats is associated with an increased incidence of colorectal cancer. Increased dietary fiber has been more controversial with both positive and negative studies reported. Fat intake does not seem to be an adverse risk factor, but obesity is clearly a risk factor. There has been very little convincing data that vitamin supplementation affects colorectal cancer, and there is the suspicion that natural foods are more preventive than artificial vitamins.

Researchers conducted an analysis of 103 studies that evaluated colorectal cancer risk factors and were conducted between 1996 and 2008. The purpose of the review was to evaluate the strength of the associations for risk factors for colorectal cancer.

The results of the analysis indicated that although several lifestyle factors increase the risk of colorectal cancer, alcohol poses the most significant risk. Individuals who consume one or more alcoholic beverage per day have a 60% higher risk of developing colon cancer than individuals who are light or non-drinkers.

In addition, the researchers found that smoking, obesity, diabetes, and high intake of red and processed meats were each associated with a 20% higher risk of colorectal cancer. Exercise provided a protective benefit against colorectal cancer.

Comments: The takeaway message is clear: colorectal cancer is largely a disease of lifestyle. Individuals can protect themselves from developing the disease by modifying lifestyle habits such as alcohol consumption and smoking. By staying active, avoiding obesity, and choosing more healthful foods, individuals can decrease their risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Reference:

[1] Huxley RR, Ansary-Moghaddam A, Clifton P, et al. The impact of dietary and lifestyle risk factors on risk of colorectal cancer: A quantitative overview of the epidemiological evidence. International Journal of Cancer. 2009; 125:171-180.